Epistaxis: Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment
A clear guide to nosebleeds, covering common causes, diagnosis and treatment options for recurring or severe episodes.
Treatment usually begins with
Specialist Assessment
Nasal Endoscopy
Medical Management
Cautery & Procedures
Most nosebleeds stop with simple first aid, with further evaluation needed for frequent or severe episodes.
You may need this evaluated if...
A nosebleed evaluation is recommended when these apply:
- Nosebleeds occurring frequently
- A nosebleed lasting more than 20 minutes despite pressure
- Nosebleeds with no clear cause
- Nosebleeds alongside easy bruising or bleeding elsewhere
Most nosebleeds are not serious, and recurring episodes can usually be managed effectively once the source is identified.
What is Epistaxis (Nosebleeds)?
Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, most often results from dryness or minor trauma to the blood vessels lining the nose, but frequent episodes warrant evaluation.
Very Common
Most people experience at least one nosebleed in their lifetime.
Usually Minor
Most nosebleeds originate from the front of the nose and stop quickly with pressure.
Recurring Episodes Need a Cause
Frequent nosebleeds are evaluated to identify and treat the underlying source.
Treatable
Cautery and other procedures effectively stop recurring bleeding from a specific site.
Common Symptoms
- Bleeding from one or both nostrils
- Bleeding down the back of the throat in some cases
- Recurring nosebleeds from the same location
What Increases Your Risk
A combination of medical, lifestyle and environmental factors can increase the likelihood of this condition.
How It Is Diagnosed
A structured assessment confirms the diagnosis and helps guide the right treatment plan.
Clinical History
A review of frequency, triggers and any related bleeding tendency guides the evaluation.
Nasal Endoscopy
A scope examination identifies the specific bleeding site inside the nose.
Blood Tests
Testing checks for a bleeding or clotting disorder in select cases.
Treatment Approaches
Medical Care
- First aid with direct pressure and head positioning
- Nasal moisturising to prevent dryness
- Treatment of underlying high blood pressure if relevant
- Review of medications that increase bleeding risk
Surgical Care
Cautery of the bleeding vessel, or in rare severe cases more advanced procedures, is used to stop recurring nosebleeds from a specific site.
Treatment decisions are based on symptoms, test results, timing and overall health, not a single test.
Know When to Act
Recognising these signs early and acting promptly is important for the best outcome.
Book an Assessment
Schedule a consultation for a routine evaluation or ongoing symptoms.
- Nosebleeds recurring frequently from the same side
- Nosebleeds with no clear cause
Seek Urgent Care
Call for emergency care immediately if you notice any of the following.
- Bleeding not stopping after 20 minutes of firm pressure
- Heavy bleeding with dizziness or difficulty breathing
Not Sure What You Need?
Speak to a Care Guide and we'll help you choose the right ENT specialist.
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