Varicocele: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
A clear guide to varicocele, covering symptoms, its link to fertility, diagnosis and treatment options.
Treatment usually begins with
Specialist Assessment
Scrotal Doppler Ultrasound
Varicocelectomy
Varicoceles causing pain or affecting fertility are treated with a minimally invasive surgical correction.
You may need this evaluated if...
A varicocele evaluation is recommended when these signs appear:
- A dull ache or heaviness in the scrotum
- Visible or palpable swelling, often described as a bag of worms
- Swelling that worsens on standing or through the day
- Difficulty conceiving with a partner
Varicoceles are common and treatable, with surgery offering good outcomes for both discomfort and fertility.
What is Varicocele?
A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins, and is a common, treatable cause of scrotal discomfort and male infertility.
Common in Young Men
Often first noticed during adolescence or early adulthood.
Linked to Fertility
One of the most common correctable causes of male infertility.
Usually Left-Sided
More frequently affects the left side due to vein anatomy.
Effectively Treatable
Surgical correction relieves discomfort and can improve fertility outcomes.
Common Symptoms
- Dull ache or heaviness in the scrotum
- Visible or palpable swollen veins
- Discomfort that worsens with standing or activity
- Difficulty conceiving
What Increases Your Risk
A combination of medical, lifestyle and age-related factors can increase the likelihood of this condition.
How It Is Diagnosed
A structured assessment confirms the diagnosis and helps guide the right treatment plan.
Physical Examination
Swollen veins are often felt or seen on standing.
Scrotal Doppler Ultrasound
Confirms the diagnosis and measures the extent of the varicocele.
Semen Analysis
Assesses whether the varicocele is affecting fertility.
Treatment Approaches
Medical Care
- Observation for small, asymptomatic varicoceles
- Supportive underwear for mild discomfort
- Pain relief for symptomatic episodes
Surgical Care
Varicocelectomy ties off the affected veins to relieve discomfort and improve sperm parameters, performed through a small incision or minimally invasive approach.
Treatment decisions are based on symptoms, test results, stone or condition size and overall health, not a single test.
Know When to Act
Recognising these signs early and acting promptly is important for the best outcome.
Book an Assessment
Schedule a consultation for a routine evaluation or ongoing symptoms.
- Persistent scrotal discomfort needing evaluation
- Fertility concerns with a known varicocele
Seek Urgent Care
Call for emergency care immediately if you notice any of the following.
- Sudden, severe testicular pain
- Testicular swelling with fever
Not Sure What You Need?
Speak to a Care Guide and we'll help you choose the right urologist.
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