End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD): Dialysis, Transplant & Specialist Care
A clear guide to end-stage renal disease, covering dialysis options, transplant evaluation and the ongoing care that supports quality of life.
Treatment usually begins with
Nephrology Consultation
Dialysis Access Planning
Complication Management
Transplant Evaluation
Care centres on starting the right form of dialysis or working toward a kidney transplant, alongside managing complications.
You may need this evaluated if...
An urgent nephrology evaluation is recommended when these signs appear:
- Kidney function has dropped to a very low level on testing
- Symptoms of uraemia such as nausea, confusion or itching appear
- Fluid overload is causing breathlessness or swelling
- A doctor has advised starting dialysis or transplant evaluation
ESRD is a serious but manageable condition, and dialysis or transplant allow most patients to continue meaningful, active lives.
What is End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)?
End-stage renal disease means the kidneys have lost nearly all their function, requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant to sustain life and manage waste and fluid balance.
Kidney Replacement Therapy Needed
At this stage, dialysis or transplant takes over the role the kidneys can no longer perform.
Multiple Dialysis Options
Haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis each offer different lifestyles and schedules.
Transplant Can Offer Long-Term Freedom
A successful kidney transplant can reduce or eliminate the need for dialysis.
Coordinated, Ongoing Care
Your nephrology team manages your dialysis, medication and overall health together.
Common Symptoms
- Severe fatigue and weakness
- Nausea, vomiting or loss of appetite
- Swelling in the legs and around the eyes
- Itching, confusion or difficulty concentrating
- Little or no urine output
What Increases Your Risk
A combination of medical, genetic and lifestyle factors can increase the likelihood of this condition.
How It Is Diagnosed
A structured assessment confirms the diagnosis and helps guide the right treatment plan.
Kidney Function Testing
Confirms the severe decline in kidney filtering capacity.
Dialysis Access Assessment
Evaluates the best option for starting dialysis, such as a fistula or catheter.
Transplant Suitability Evaluation
A broader health assessment determines candidacy for kidney transplant.
Treatment Approaches
Medical Management
- Haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis
- Medication to manage blood pressure, anaemia and bone health
- Strict fluid and dietary management
Advanced Care
Dialysis access surgery (such as a fistula) or kidney transplant surgery is planned based on your treatment choice and suitability, following detailed evaluation.
Treatment decisions are based on kidney function tests, the underlying cause and overall health, not a single test.
Know When to Act
Recognising these signs early and acting promptly helps protect long-term kidney function.
Book an Assessment
Schedule a consultation for a routine evaluation or ongoing concern.
- Advanced kidney disease needing dialysis or transplant planning
- Ongoing management of an existing dialysis or transplant plan
Seek Urgent Care
Reach out for emergency care immediately if you notice any of the following.
- Severe breathlessness or chest pain
- Confusion, seizures or very low urine output
Not Sure What You Need?
Speak to a Care Guide and we'll help you choose the right nephrologist.
Talk to Care GuideA care guide can match your condition to the right nephrologist.
Share your concern or existing reports. We will help you choose the right hospital, doctor and appointment.
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