Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment
A clear guide to acute kidney injury, a sudden decline in kidney function that needs urgent evaluation and treatment.
Treatment usually begins with
Urgent Nephrology Assessment
Cause Identification
Targeted Treatment
Close Monitoring
Treatment focuses on quickly identifying and reversing the underlying cause, with dialysis considered if kidney function does not recover promptly.
You may need this evaluated if...
An urgent evaluation is recommended when these signs appear:
- A sudden drop in urine output
- Rapid swelling in the legs or body
- Blood tests show a sudden rise in creatinine
- Recent severe illness, dehydration or medication change
Many cases of AKI are reversible with prompt treatment of the underlying cause, especially when identified and treated early.
What is Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?
Acute kidney injury is a sudden decline in kidney function, often triggered by dehydration, infection, medication or reduced blood flow to the kidneys, and needs urgent evaluation to identify and reverse the cause.
Often Reversible
Many cases of AKI improve significantly with prompt treatment of the underlying cause.
Multiple Possible Causes
Dehydration, infection, certain medications and obstruction are common triggers.
Time-Sensitive Care
Early identification and treatment give the best chance of full kidney recovery.
Close Monitoring Required
Kidney function is tracked closely to guide treatment and detect any need for dialysis.
Common Symptoms
- Sudden decrease in urine output
- Swelling in the legs, ankles or face
- Fatigue and confusion
- Nausea and loss of appetite
- Shortness of breath
What Increases Your Risk
A combination of medical, genetic and lifestyle factors can increase the likelihood of this condition.
How It Is Diagnosed
A structured assessment confirms the diagnosis and helps guide the right treatment plan.
Kidney Function Testing
Blood tests track the rapid change in creatinine and other kidney markers.
Cause Identification
Clinical evaluation and tests identify the trigger, such as dehydration, infection or obstruction.
Urine Output Monitoring
Careful tracking of urine output helps guide fluid management and treatment.
Treatment Approaches
Medical Management
- Fluid management tailored to your condition
- Treatment of the underlying cause, such as infection or dehydration
- Medication review to stop any contributing drugs
Advanced Care
Temporary dialysis is used in more severe cases to support kidney function while the underlying cause is treated and the kidneys recover.
Treatment decisions are based on kidney function tests, the underlying cause and overall health, not a single test.
Know When to Act
Recognising these signs early and acting promptly helps protect long-term kidney function.
Book an Assessment
Schedule a consultation for a routine evaluation or ongoing concern.
- A sudden change in urine output or kidney function tests
- Recent illness or medication change with new symptoms
Seek Urgent Care
Reach out for emergency care immediately if you notice any of the following.
- Very low or no urine output
- Severe breathlessness or confusion
Not Sure What You Need?
Speak to a Care Guide and we'll help you choose the right nephrologist.
Talk to Care GuideA care guide can match your condition to the right nephrologist.
Share your concern or existing reports. We will help you choose the right hospital, doctor and appointment.
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